in North-American forests, timber extraction may increase heterogeneity by creating open and early stage forest habitats (although perhaps degraded). In more recently exploited forest landscapes, e.g. At the landscape scale, forest management modifies the age-class distribution, with a much larger area with early successional stage and a drastic reduction of mature or old forest, as compared to natural forests (Kuuluvainen and Gauthier 2018). cavities) and large amount of standing and downed deadwood (Bouget et al. Consequently, managed forest stands, particularly in the clear-felling systems, lack important habitat features such as large old trees supporting micro-habitats (e.g. Fire suppression and the use of harvesting cycles (rotation length) shorter than tree life span have drastically reduced natural disturbances, while tree planting and seedling, tree selection and harvesting of timber (clear-felling or partial cuts) results in reduced tree species diversity and absence of important natural disturbance legacies (Bengtsson et al. In contrast, landscapes that have been under intensive human use (production landscape), for instance in the European boreal and temperate forests, experience a simplification (homogenisation) of habitats at stand and landscape scales, threatening forest biodiversity (Kuuluvainen 2002 Kuuluvainen and Gauthier 2018). In forest landscapes under natural dynamics, heterogeneity is provided and maintained by disturbances at different spatial scales such as forest fires, wind throws, and local-scale gap dynamics (Angelstam 1998 Kuuluvainen 2002, 2009 Bouget and Duelli 2004 Schütz et al. beta diversity) is considered a determinant of overall diversity of a landscape (i.e. Species turnover across spatial gradients (i.e. the variation of ecological conditions in space and time, offers opportunities for ecological communities with various environmental requirements to co-exist at landscape level. Virtual Sailor NG in an excellent nautical simulator, having excellent marine dynamics,this simulator allows you sail where ever you wish, to explore and customize your boatsand to train yourself on all forms of sailing.Virtual Sailor NG was created by Ilan Papini, first version released on June 2021.Virtual Sailor NG brings the best of my experience in developing marintime simulatorsThis experience began with the development of Virtual Sailor in the year 2001,later continued with Vehicle Simulator in the year 2009, Fire Flight in 2017,and finally Virtual Sailor NG in 2020.The program combines the best and most accurate physical models of vehicle dynamicsand ocean waves simulation, and is based upon the innovative physical elements methoddeveloped for Vehicle Simulator.The program uses DirectX as its graphics library and contains its own graphic s netowrking library is based upon the ENet library using fast and reliable TCP/IP.all scenery and vehicles developed over the years for Virtual Sailor and Vehicle Simulatorare fully working in VS_NG, and additional in game scenery design has been added.I hope people will enjoy this program, appreciate the big effort it took to make,and show appreciation by bying the program.Please avoid using illegal and pirated copies, for the small independant developer piratedsoftware is the major cause of going out of business.Thanks,Ilan Papini
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